Application of Qasam Rules in the Sūrah al-Syams (A Comparative Study Between the Tafsir Bahrul Muhith and Tafsir Mafatihul Ghoib)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51590/waraqat.v10i2.1115Keywords:
Qasam, Surah Al-Syams, Linguistic Exegesis, Philosophical Exegesis, Qur’anic HermeneuticsAbstract
This study examines the theological, linguistic, and hermeneutical dimensions of Qasam (divine oaths) in Surah Al-Syams (Q. 91) through a comparative analysis of two classical exegeses: Tafsir Bahrul Muhith by Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi (a linguistic approach) and Tafsir Mafatihul Ghoib by Fakhruddin al-Razi (a philosophical-theological approach). The research addresses a gap in existing scholarship by systematically comparing how these methodologies interpret the Qasam verses (Q. 91:1–10) and their implications for understanding moral and cosmological messages. Using qualitative library research, the study applies Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s hermeneutics and ‘Ulum al-Qur’an theories on muqsam bih (oath objects) and muqsam ‘alayh (oath purposes). Findings reveal that Abu Hayyan emphasizes grammatical precision and historical context, while al-Razi prioritizes metaphysical and ethical reflections. Both, however, affirm the oath’s function in affirming divine authority and human moral accountability. The study contributes to Qur’anic exegesis by highlighting methodological flexibility in interpreting Qasam, though it is limited to these two tafsirs.
References
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Isa. Tafsir Al-Qur'an Perkasa. Kairo: Al-Farouq Al-Hadits, 2002.
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Omar Bin Al-Hasan Bin Al-Hussein Al-Taymi (Ar-Razi). Mafatih Al-Ghaib (Tafsir Al-Kabir). Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi, 1420 H.
Abu Al-Hasan Wahidi. Al-Wajiz Fi Tafsir Al-Kitab Al-Aziz. Damaskus-Beirut: Dar Al-Qalam, 1415 H.
Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi. Tafsir Al-Bahr Al-Muhith. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1993.
Abu Ubaidah Muammar Bin Al-Muthanna Al-Taymi Al-Basri. Majaz Al-Qur'an. Kairo: Maktabah Al-Khanji, 1381 H.
Al-Jassas. Ahkam Al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Zarkasyi, Badruddin. Al-Burhan Fi ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar Al-Ma‘Rifah, 1957.
Awwaludin, M., Malik, S., & Siswanto, N. D. “Pembentukan Lingkungan Bahasa Arab Dalam Meningkatkan Penguasaan Bahasa Arab Pada Pesantren Bahasa Arab (Mim Lam).” Definisi: Jurnal Agama Dan Sosial-Humaniora 1(1), 2022.
Hamka. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 1998.
Huda, Nurul. “Kaidah-Kaidah Al-Qasam Dalam Al-Qur’an.” Al-Fath 10(1), 2016: 1–19.
Ibn Mandzur. Lisan Al-‘Arab. Kairo: Dar Al-Mishriyyah.
Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah. Al-Tibyan Fi Aqsam Al-Qur’an. N.P., N.D.
Ismail, L. H. “Moderasi Beragama Di Lingkungan Pesantren: Pengalaman Pesantren Di Bandung Barat.” Definisi: Jurnal Agama Dan Sosial-Humaniora 1(1), 2022.
Jalal Al-Din Al-Suyuti. Al-Durr Al-Manthur Fi Al-Tafsir Bi Al-Ma’thur. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Jarni Arni. “Bahrul Muhith.” Jurnal, No. 1, 2011.
Laia, F. “Analisis Al-Qasam Dalam Al-Qur’an Juz 28 Dan 29.” Jurnal, 2020.
Manna’ Al-Qattan. Mabahits Fi ‘Ulum Al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, N.D.
Muhammad Al-Zahabi. Al-Tafsir Wa Al-Mufassirun. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah.
Nuraini, Yeni. “Qasam Dalam Al-Qur’an: Unsur, Jenis Dan Tujuan.” Jurnal Agama Dan Sosial-Humaniora, 2022.
Pickthall, Muhammad Marmaduke. The Meaning Of The Glorious Qur’an. New York: New American Library, 1953.
Quraish Shihab. Tafsir Al-Misbah: Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2000.
Quraish Shihab. Tafsir Al-Misbah, Vol. 1–15. Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2021.
Rachmad Syafe’i. Pengantar Ilmu Tafsir. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2001.
Ramdani, Paisal, Dkk. “Memahami Kata-Kata Sumpah Dalam Terjemahan Indonesia Surat Al-Syams Dengan Pendekatan Hermeneutika Double Movement Fazlur Rahman.” Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Masyarakat, 2022.
Rosihon Anwar. Ulum Al-Qur’an. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2000.
Sayyid Quthb. Fi Zilal Al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar Al-Shuruq, 2001.
Sidik, Ismail Abdul Azis. “Pandangan Bintu Syathi’ Tentang Qasam.” Skripsi Uin Raden Intan Lampung, 2018.
Subhani. Sumpah-Sumpah Dalam Al-Qur’an. Terj. Syafrudin. Jakarta: Nur Al-Huda, 2015.
Tabari. Jami’ Al-Bayan. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Utsman, Khalid Bin. Qawa‘Id Al-Tafsir Jam‘An Wa Dirasatan. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jauzi, 1421 H.
Warraq, Ibn. The Origins Of The Koran: Classic Essays On Islam’s Holy Book. Amherst: Prometheus Books, 2010.
Wahbah Al-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Munir Fi Al-‘Aqidah Wa Al-Syari‘Ah Wa Al-Manhaj. Damaskus: Dar Al-Fikr, 1998.
Zaini, Moh. “Ilmu Aqsamul Qur’an.” Makalah Pascasarjana Iain Madura, 2018.
Zamakhshari, Al-. Al-Kashshaf ‘An Haqa’iq At-Tanzil. Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-‘Arabi, 1407 H.
Zulihafnani. “Rahasia Sumpah Allah Dalam Al-Qur’an.” Nuansa: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Sosial Dan Keagamaan Islam, Vol. 8(1), 2011.
.png)
