WARAQAT : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman is a multi-disciplinary publication dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of Islam and of the Islamic world. Particular attention is paid to works toto dealing with history, geography, political science, economics, anthropology, sociology, law, literature, religion, philosophy, international relations, environmental and developmental issues, as well as ethical questions related to scientific research. The Journal seeks to place Islam and the Islamic tradition as its central focus of academic inquiry and to encourage comprehensive consideration of its many facets; to provide a forum for the study of Islam and Muslim societies in their global context; to encourage interdisciplinary studies of the Islamic world that are crossnational and comparative; to promote the diffusion, exchange and discussion of research findings; and to encourage interaction among academics from various traditions of learning.
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam As-Sunnah
Construction of Equality-Based Social Ethics in the Thoughts of Ibn Miskawaih and Al-Ghazali
The degradation of contemporary social ethics has given rise to an urgent need for a normative foundation capable of addressing the phenomena of dehumanization, individualism, and social fragmentation. This article aims to reconstruct an equality-based social ethics through a synthesis of the concepts of justice (al-ʿadl) and interpersonal relations in the thought of Ibn Miskawaih and al-Ghazali. Regarding the provisional stance, this study assumes that the classical Islamic tradition of thought contains normative principles relevant to the renewal of social ethics, but the conceptual formulation of equality has not been systematically explored in previous studies, creating a research gap that needs to be filled. The study uses a qualitative philosophical-comparative approach based on library research. The analysis focuses on the construction of justice as an integral virtue and on the discourse of interpersonal relations (friendship, brotherhood, compassion, mutual assistance) as an arena for moral actualization. The findings indicate that justice in both thinkers functions as an ethical framework that unites various dimensions of social life; interpersonal relations become a concrete medium for moral expectations, and equality is understood as a recognition of the inherent moral dignity of each individual, rather than as equality of social status. The synthesis of these thoughts produces a conceptual model of equality-based social ethics that is relevant to addressing the ethical challenges of modern society and is expected to become a normative reference in the development of social policies and moral education practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Hafidz Mahardika Arjuna, Chafid Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mafhūm al-Nabī wa al-Rasūl wa al-Muḥaddath fī Ḍau'i Kitāb al-Kāfī li al-Kulainī wa Tanwīr al-‘Uqūl li Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh al-Imām
The distinction between the prophet، the messenger، and the divinely-inspired person (muḥaddath) is among the doctrinal questions in which the methodological differences between Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā'ah and Imāmī Shī'ah appear most clearly، given the direct bearing this distinction has on determining the source of religious authority and the status of the Imam. This study analyzes this distinction comparatively between Al-Kāfī by al-Kulaynī and Tanwīr al-'Uqūl by Muḥammad ibn 'Abd Allāh al-Imām، using a qualitative approach through analysis of the narrations contained in Al-Kāfī and the argumentative texts in Tanwīr al-'Uqūl. The study reveals that Al-Kāfī grounds its distinguishing criterion in the mode of receiving revelation، thereby elevating the muḥaddath Imam to an institutional rank approaching prophethood and granting him religious authority. In contrast، Tanwīr al-'Uqūl bases its distinction on the criterion of being sent and commissioned to convey divine law، thereby preserving a fundamental difference between prophethood and messengership on one hand and the muḥaddath on the other، treating the latter as a rare، fallible individual virtue whose statements are measured against the Qur'an and Sunnah and which carries no legislative authority. Despite this difference، both sources agree that prophethood is broader than messengership، that every messenger is a prophet while not every prophet is a messenger، and that the seal of prophethood is Muḥammad ﷺ.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rabiatil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Critical Gadamerian Review of M. Syuhudi Ismail's and Muhammad Syahrur's Readings of the Hadith on Female Leadership
The hadith of Abu Bakrah on the prohibition of female leadership (Sahih al-Bukhari nos. 4425 and 7099) has become a battleground for competing paradigms in contemporary hadith hermeneutics. M. Syuhudi Ismail classifies it as a temporal-local hadith, thereby opening space for female leadership across all public domains; Muhammad Syahrur, through the framework of al-sunnah al-nabawiyyah and the theory of al-hudud, positions such hadiths as products of the Prophet's historical ijtihad that are not absolutely binding. This article examines both readings through the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer, particularly the concepts of Vorurteil (prejudice), Wirkungsgeschichte (history of effect), and the rehabilitation of authoritative tradition. The study is library research employing a descriptive-analytical-critical method, drawing on primary hadith sources, classical commentaries (especially Fath al-Bari), the works of both figures, and recent secondary literature from the past decade. The findings are threefold. First, Syahrur performs a prejudice against prejudice, precisely what Gadamer rejects as Enlightenment dogmatism. Second, Syuhudi's temporal-local classification lacks operational criteria that would distinguish it from the imposition of a contemporary horizon upon the text. Third, a more defensible reading, both hermeneutically and according to the manhaj al-muhaddithin, situates the commentarial tradition as a productive Wirkungsgeschichte while preserving the classical distinction between al-wilayah al-uzma and other forms of women's public roles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ariangga Ramadhansyah, Masruhan, Fairuz Zakirah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Portrait Of Educational Reform In Ibn Ashur's Tafsir
This article aims to describe the views of Muhammad al-Thahir Ibn Ashûr regarding educational reform and improvement through his interpretation of Qur’anic verses in his exegetical work al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir. This study is a library-based research employing a descriptive-analytical method, in which the author outlines various perspectives of Ibn Ashûr on educational reform derived from his interpretation of verses related to the educational objectives (maqāṣid) in the Qur’an. Among the findings of this research is that Ibn Ashûr not only implemented educational reforms during his tenure as Sheikh of al-Zaytuna University on a practical level, but also laid important theoretical foundations concerning the principles, means, and priorities of reform and improvement in the field of education through his Qur’anic interpretation. His approach is notably centered on the maqāṣid of the Qur’an as guidance for humanity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zamakhsyari bin Hasballah Thaib, Mukhamad Hadi Musollin, Vina Annisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Epistemic and Chronological Criticism in the Safīnah Kallā Saya‘lamūn Exegesis Surah Ar-Rūm [30]:1–5
This discourse examines the Safīnah Kallā Saya‘lamūn exegesis, which employs historical analogies to demonstrate the relevance of the historical content in the Qur’an; however, the criteria for testing these claims against empirical history remain underdeveloped. This study proposes a “Chronological-Epistemic Evaluation” model to critique the use of historical analogies in Indonesian exegetical works, particularly the Tafsir Safīnah Kallā Saya‘lamūn, which interprets Surah Ar-Rūm [30]:1–5 by claiming a date correspondence (17 Ramadan/August 17) and stating that a discrepancy of one or two days is permissible across all calendars. Through qualitative research, this study employs an astronomical algorithm for Hijri-Gregorian conversion to verify the claim of a direct temporal correspondence between the Roman victory (7th century) and Indonesian Independence (1945). The research findings indicate that the text operates through a "mediating authority" structure, projecting a nationalist narrative onto the Qur’anic text to achieve "symbolic truth". However, a rigorous chronological analysis proves that the claim of date correspondence is astronomically impossible due to the stability of the Gregorian calendar and the shifting lunar cycle. This study concludes that the text commits a category error by conflating metaphor (majāz) with empirical fact (haqīqah), thereby threatening scholarly integrity. Consequently, this research recommends that contemporary mufassirs adopt a "double validation" protocol balancing contextual relevance with strict empirical audits before publishing historical claims and advises readers to critically approach such historical analogies as symbolic pedagogy rather than literal historiography, thereby reinstating the principle of academic caution (iḥtiyāṭ).
Contextual Exegesis (Tafsir bi al-ra’yi)
Copyright (c) 2026 Masgun Arifin, Ahmad Nabilul Maram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Construction of Ibnu Hazm al-Andalusiy’s Holistic-Integrative Curriculum
Ibnu Hazm al-Andalusiy is widely known as a prominent fiqh scholar of the Zhahiri School, which has led to a lack of research on his educational thoughts, particularly regarding the curriculum. Meanwhile, his educational ideas hold significant urgency amidst the current dichotomy of modern education. This study aims to analyze Ibnu Hazm's concept of the Islamic educational curriculum and its relevance to contemporary education. This study used a qualitative library research approach with a historical method to analyze primary works of Ibnu Hazm, such as Risalah Maratib al-'Ulum and Al-Akhlaq wa As-Siyar. The results indicate that Ibnu Hazm formulated a curriculum with a holistic-integrative-spiritual approach. He emphasized the commencement of formal education at the age of five, starting with basic literacy materials (reading and writing). Furthermore, his curriculum strictly integrates religious and worldly sciences. He did not place Sharia sciences at the end; rather, he made them the core axis studied concurrently with supporting exact sciences (mathematics, astronomy, logic, and medicine). In conclusion, Ibnu Hazm's curriculum concept is highly relevant to contemporary Islamic education, serving as an alternative solution to bridge the dichotomy of knowledge and comprehensively build students' characters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Safa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Husband–Wife Relations from the Salaf Perspective and the Challenges of Modernity
This study aims to analyze husband-wife relations from the salaf perspective and examine the challenges of modernity toward contemporary Muslim family relations. The research employs a qualitative method with a normative-comparative approach through library research. Primary sources include the Qur’an, hadith, classical tafsir, and fiqh literature, while secondary sources consist of scholarly journals and contemporary studies on modern Muslim families. The findings reveal that the salaf perspective views marital relations as a spiritual and moral bond founded upon the principles of mu‘āsyarah bil ma‘rūf, qiwāmah, compassion, and complementary role distribution. Meanwhile, modernity has significantly transformed family relations through the rise of individualism, gender equality, dual-income families, and digital culture, leading marital relations to become more flexible and negotiative. The comparative analysis demonstrates that modernity potentially reduces several foundational principles of marital relations in the salaf perspective, particularly regarding responsibility, role structure, and family orientation based on trust and moral commitment. This study highlights the importance of formulating Muslim family relations that integrate Islamic normative values with contemporary social dynamics in a proportional and adaptive manner.
husband-wife relations, salaf perspective, modernity, comparative
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhsan Syarafuddin, Muhammad Nurul Fahmi, Farchan Mu'aziz, Ratno Pambudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Contribution of SNC Civilization House in Enhancing Generation Alpha’s Understanding of Islamic Cultural History in Rejang Lebong
Education in Indonesia continues to face challenges in fostering meaningful learning, particularly in Islamic Cultural History (SKI), which requires historical understanding, critical reflection, and value internalization. These challenges intensify for Generation Alpha learners, whose learning preferences are visual, interactive, and technology-mediated. This study examines the contribution of Rumah Peradaban SNC, a non-formal educational institution, to Generation Alpha's understanding of Islamic Cultural History through an experiential learning approach. Using a descriptive qualitative design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation involving facilitators, students, parents, and program administrators, and analyzed through data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing, with credibility ensured via source and method triangulation. Findings show that Rumah Peradaban SNC strengthens students' historical understanding by integrating storytelling, visual media, educational games, role play, collaborative activities, and guided reflection into a coherent learning process. Meaningful historical learning emerges not from technology alone but from the interaction of experiential activities, facilitator guidance, and reflective dialogue that enable students to reconstruct historical narratives and internalize Islamic values. The program nonetheless faces contextual challenges, including unequal digital infrastructure, unstable connectivity, and students' susceptibility to technological distraction, underscoring the need to balance digital engagement with reflection. This study contributes to discussions on Generation Alpha by showing that experiential learning bridges students' digital learning characteristics and the reflective aims of Islamic Cultural History education, and highlights the complementary role of non-formal institutions in strengthening formal Islamic education through contextual, experience-based learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Maryati, Tri Ulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Al-Dakhīl alladhī Raddahu al-Brūfīsūr al-Duktūr al-Ḥājj ʿAbd al-Mālik Karīm Amrullāh al-Mulaqqab bi-"Ḥāmkā" fī Tafsīrih "Al-Azhar"
Tafsir al-Azhar by Hamka (Prof. Dr. Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah) stands as one of the most influential contemporary Qur'anic commentaries in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, widely recognized for its balanced methodology and reform-oriented perspective. Nevertheless, no exegetical work is entirely immune from al-dakhīl — spurious or extraneous interpretive materials that have infiltrated the tafsir tradition. This reality demands critical scrutiny of how exegetes identify, evaluate, and reject such materials. This study aims to identify instances of al-dakhīl explicitly rejected by Hamka in Tafsir al-Azhar within Sūrat al-Baqarah, and to analyze the scholarly principles underlying his rejection. An inductive method was employed to inventory relevant cases, complemented by a critical analytical approach to examine the rejected narratives and opinions alongside their academic justifications. The findings reveal that the al-dakhīl rejected by Hamka encompasses Isrāʾīliyyāt traditions, weak narrations, mythological stories, and interpretations derived from unreliable or non-Islamic sources. In evaluating these materials, Hamka consistently applied two primary criteria: conformity with the Qur'an and authenticated Sunnah, and coherence with sound reasoning and established principles of Qur'anic exegesis. This study underscores the critical-evaluative dimension of Hamka's exegetical methodology and his contribution to purifying the tafsir tradition from interpretively unsound materials. The findings enrich contemporary scholarship on exegetical criticism and al-dakhīl studies within the Indonesian Qur'anic interpretive tradition.
الدخيل، حامكا، تفسير، الأزهر، سورة البقرة
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Irfan, Mahmoud Ahmed Mahmoud Mashour https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Student Management in the Perspective of Thematic Exegesis
Student management in Islamic educational institutions has tended to focus on administrative and academic matters, while the dimension of spiritual and character development grounded in the Qur'an and Hadith remains insufficiently integrated. This study analyzes the concept of student management through thematic exegesis (mawḍū‘ī), examining Qur'anic verses and hadiths related to student development. The study employs a qualitative library research method, drawing on Qur'anic verses, hadiths from Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and Sunan Abu Dawud, and authoritative exegetical works, including Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Maraghi, Tafsir al-Azhar, and Tafsir al-Misbah, as primary data sources. Data were analyzed using Al-Farmawi's thematic exegesis method, with cross-tafsir triangulation applied proportionally according to the complexity of each verse. The findings show that QS. At-Tahrim: 6, QS. Luqman: 13–19, QS. Ali Imran: 159, QS. Al-Kahfi: 66, and QS. An-Nahl: 125, together with its related hadiths, articulates principles of student management encompassing educational responsibility, character formation, compassionate guidance, learning ethics, and methods of mentorship. These principles constitute a revelation-based normative framework for student management in Islamic educational institutions, supporting the holistic development of students across intellectual, moral, and spiritual dimensions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Ulfa Ramadhani, Sarah Fadilah Azzahra, Muhammad Fitriyadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Constructing Islamic Preacher Personal Branding via Digital Public Relations Strategies on Instagram and TikTok
The dissemination of Islam in Indonesia is undergoing a paradigm shift in which a preacher’s image is constructed in a decentralized manner through social media, with public relations (PR) operating not top-down from official management but through organic fan participation. This study maps and compares content strategies on Instagram and TikTok in constructing the personal branding of Gus Kautsar as an authentic, humble preacher close to Millennials and Generation Z. Employing a qualitative comparative case study design, it analyzes the 120 most popular content pieces from major fan-page accounts between January 2024 and March 2026, using thematic reduction with the eight laws of personal branding (Montoya, 2002) as the primary framework, supported by the Share/Optimize/Manage/Engage digital PR model (Luttrell, 2018) and a parasocial intimacy strategy matrix for millennial preachers. The findings reveal a complementary synergy between the two platforms that forms an audience engagement funnel: TikTok dominates the top-funnel awareness function through short, humorous clips, distinctive linguistic accents, and high virality, while Instagram assumes the mid-to-bottom funnel role, facilitating the depth of dawuh (teachings) narratives, visual aesthetics, and contemplative community interaction. Gus Kautsar’s branding is thus constructed cohesively through an organic, polycentric PR ecosystem without his official account, with message authenticity and emotional resonance as the primary catalysts mobilizing fans as active distribution agents. The study contributes to digital PR literature by demonstrating the effectiveness of organic earned media in syiar practices and offering a hybrid strategic framework for preachers and Islamic institutions navigating the algorithmic ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 untung famuji, Enung Asmaya, Gozali, Siti Nuri Nurhaidah, Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Transformation of the Qurban Sacrifice from Charitable to Empowerment-Oriented
The ritual of qurban (animal sacrifice) is frequently reduced to a charitable event in which meat is distributed and the program ends, leaving little empowerment behind. This study examines how the Tebar Qurban 1447 H program—a cross-national philanthropic collaboration between STAI As-Sunnah Deli Serdang, the Arrisalah Humanitarian Foundation (Indonesia), and the Bayaan Association (Singapore)—reconstructs qurban from a charitable model into an instrument of community empowerment. Using a qualitative instrumental case-study design, data were gathered through participant observation, documentation, and key-informant interviews across fifteen assisted villages in North Sumatra, then analyzed interactively and read through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and Islamic philanthropy. The findings show that integrating Asset-Based Community Development with a service-learning cycle produced—at the level of process and output indicators—1,014 daʿwah-educational activities reaching 17,197 participant-visits, 21 Friday sermons attended by 1,117 worshippers, and the managed slaughter and distribution of 45 sacrificial animals across the villages. Read through maqāṣid, the program shifts the emphasis from the ritual form toward its higher objectives—social takāful, the preservation of life, and the cultivation of taqwā—positioning villagers as active subjects rather than passive recipients. The study concludes that structurally managed cross-national Islamic philanthropy can transform qurban into a sustainable vehicle of empowerment and value internalization, provided it is sustained by continued mentoring and productive follow-up
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zaky, Abdul Gafur Arifin, Indra Indra, Tiy Kusmarrabbi, Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi, Irham Dongoran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Semantic Frames of ‘Rabb’ in the Quran (A Cognitive Linguistics Approach Validated through Hadith Triangulation and Islamic Epistemological Framework)
This study investigates the semantic frames and conceptual constructions of the term رَبّ (rabb/Lord) in the Quran through a cognitive linguistic approach, specifically Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 1982) and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). While the concept of rububiyyah has been extensively studied theologically, systematic semantic-cognitive analysis of this fundamental concept remains limited. Using a mixed-methods design, we analyzed 25 representative verses from the Quranic Arabic Corpus through a five-stage frame identification protocol. Six primary semantic frames were identified: Divine_Creation, Divine_Provision, Divine_Guidance, Divine_Sovereignty, Divine_Nurturing, and Divine_Mercy, with significant differences in frame frequency between Makki and Madani revelations (χ²=18.47, p<0.01). Three dominant conceptual metaphors structure the concept of Rabb: RUBUBIYYAH IS NURTURING, RUBUBIYYAH IS SOVEREIGNTY, and DIVINE PROVISION IS DESCENDING. Findings were triangulated with classical tafsir (Ibn Kathir, al-Tabari), five sahih hadiths (Bukhari, Muslim), and Salafi scholarship (Ibn Uthaymin, Ibn Baz), demonstrating that cognitive linguistic methods can enhance semantic understanding of the Quran without compromising theological authenticity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Slamet Riyadi, Muhammad Thalib Muhammad Zen
One alternative treatment for diabetes is honey therapy. Honey contains sufficient water content and moisture levels that do not support bacterial growth and development. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of honey therapy for diabetes treatment within the living hadith framework. This research employs an observational process that includes monitoring locations and activities occurring in social contexts. Interviews were conducted using a structured guide to record relevant data. The collected data was then analyzed through an interactive method, which includes data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The research results indicate that honey therapy within this living hadith context can serve as an alternative treatment for healing diabetic wounds
Human Rights Challenges and Their Implications from the Perspective of Islamic Law and Education
Despite the recognition of equality as a fundamental human right in both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Indonesian law, its implementation is often obstructed by various human rights violations. Many human rights cases remain unresolved, thus becoming a historical burden. This study investigates human rights issues from the perspectives of Islamic law and education, drawing on the principles of Maqashid as-Shari'ah and a theo-anthropocentric framework. The research aims to identify the gap between the ideal human rights norms and their actual application in society. A qualitative approach, using a prescriptive method, is employed to analyze normative principles and their practical implications through text analysis and literature review. The findings suggest that, while human rights are inherent to every individual, with the principle of equality before the law, their implementation encounters significant structural and cultural obstacles. The study also highlights the vital role of Islamic education in cultivating awareness and respect for human rights from an early age. This research contributes to bridging the divide between Islamic law and global human rights frameworks, advocating for the integration of ethical and humanistic principles into the Islamic legal and educational systems to address human rights challenges. By promoting democratic values and respect for human rights, Islamic education plays a critical role in fostering a more just and equitable society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmas Naqieb Faaz, Tasman Hamami
Application of Qasam Rules in the Sūrah al-Syams (A Comparative Study Between the Tafsir Bahrul Muhith and Tafsir Mafatihul Ghoib)
This study examines the theological, linguistic, and hermeneutical dimensions of Qasam (divine oaths) in Surah Al-Syams (Q. 91) through a comparative analysis of two classical exegeses: Tafsir Bahrul Muhith by Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi (a linguistic approach) and Tafsir Mafatihul Ghoib by Fakhruddin al-Razi (a philosophical-theological approach). The research addresses a gap in existing scholarship by systematically comparing how these methodologies interpret the Qasam verses (Q. 91:1–10) and their implications for understanding moral and cosmological messages. Using qualitative library research, the study applies Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s hermeneutics and ‘Ulum al-Qur’an theories on muqsam bih (oath objects) and muqsam ‘alayh (oath purposes). Findings reveal that Abu Hayyan emphasizes grammatical precision and historical context, while al-Razi prioritizes metaphysical and ethical reflections. Both, however, affirm the oath’s function in affirming divine authority and human moral accountability. The study contributes to Qur’anic exegesis by highlighting methodological flexibility in interpreting Qasam, though it is limited to these two tafsirs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rus’anuddin Hasibuan, Zulheldi, Muhammad Irfan
Digital Professions and the Future of Zakat: A Maqāṣid-Based Study of the 2024 Fatwa by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI)
The rise of digital professions in Indonesia, particularly YouTubers and social media influencers, has challenged conventional frameworks of Islamic jurisprudence on zakat. To address this normative gap, the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) issued Fatwa 2024, which mandates zakat on income earned through digital platforms. This study aims to critically examine the manhaj istinbāṭ (legal reasoning methodology) employed in the fatwa, focusing on its integration of ushul al-fiqh principles and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah values. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study evaluates primary texts, classical fiqh sources, and socio-economic data. The fatwa demonstrates a hybrid reasoning model combining qiyās, maslahah mursalah, and contextual deliberation, reclassifying digital income under zakatable categories. It also affirms that only lawful income is eligible for zakat, excluding unethical earnings such as those from hoaxes or immoral content. Findings reveal that while the fatwa offers strong theological and epistemic foundations, its practical implementation faces challenges, including low awareness among digital workers and fragmented institutional support. Nevertheless, the fatwa represents a forward-looking articulation of Islamic law that is responsive to modernity while remaining grounded in tradition. This research contributes to Islamic legal studies by offering a detailed analysis of how fatwas evolve in response to digital economic realities, and proposes strategic directions for enhancing fatwa efficacy and digital zakat governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ryan Bianda, Muhammad Yosef Niteh, Maad Ahmad, Aang Gunaepi
Islam and Science Relation: A Critical Analysis of Contemporary Scientific Atheism of Richard Dawkins
Richard Dawkins, the most prominent figure of New Atheism, maintains that God and religion can be examined scientifically, positioning the theory of evolution as the central foundation of his argument. For Dawkins, evolutionary theory provides the best explanation for the origin of the universe's complexity, thereby rendering the existence of God unnecessary and setting science in direct opposition to religion. This study critically analyzes Richard Dawkins' scientific atheism from the perspective of the Islamic worldview using a qualitative approach through content analysis of Dawkins' primary works and relevant secondary literature. The findings reveal that Dawkins' rejection of the supernatural and his claim that science is the sole path to truth are rooted in the worldview of scientific naturalism, which reduces reality to its material dimensions while denying any non-empirical aspects of existence. This stands in sharp contrast to the Islamic worldview, which affirms from the outset that the universe is God's creation and that science serves as a means to understand and study nature to strengthen faith in Him. Unlike scientific naturalism, which positions science and religion as mutually contradictory, Islam presents an integrated vision where scientific inquiry and religious faith are complementary rather than oppositional. Consequently, contemporary Muslim scholars have promoted the Islamization of science to protect the Muslim community from the philosophical implications of modern science that marginalize God and religion.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fasya Tharra Annada, Muhammad Faqih Nidzom
Preventing Gadget Addiction for Family Stability: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Prophetic Hadith in al-Kutub al-Sittah
Gadget addiction threatens family stability by disrupting communication, emotional bonds, and parental responsibilities in Muslim households. While research addresses psychological dimensions of digital addiction, the Islamic normative framework—particularly prophetic teachings—remains underexplored. This study examines how prophetic hadith provide ethical foundations for preventing gadget addiction and maintaining family stability. Using qualitative library research methodology, this study analyzes six hadith from al-Kutub al-Sittah addressing family leadership, accountability, kinship preservation, spiritual household vitality, gaze control, and wealth ethics. Data sources include Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, and classical commentaries, analyzed through Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis framework: textual, discourse practice, and sociocultural analysis. Findings reveal that prophetic hadith construct a holistic family defense system. The principle kullukum rā'in (leadership responsibility) establishes parental accountability for technology regulation as divine trust. The prohibition of qāṭi' raḥim (severing kinship) critiques emotional disconnection from gadget addiction. Teachings on household dhikr, gaze control, and wealth management provide spiritual, behavioral, and ethical frameworks for digital self-regulation. Gadget addiction is framed theologically as spiritual crisis manifesting in neglected leadership, wasted time and knowledge, and symbolic kinship severance. This study integrates Critical Discourse Analysis with thematic hadith studies (mawḍū'ī), demonstrating 7th-century prophetic teachings' relevance to 21st-century digital challenges. The research positions family stability as sakan wa ṭuma'nīnah (tranquility), achievable through prophetic guidance on technology ethics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syanando Adzikri , Marwan Mas'ud, Dimas Hutomo Putra
Women's Leadership in Da'wah Management: As-Salmaniyah Islamic Boarding School, Mandailing Natal
This research examines women's leadership roles in enhancing dakwah program management at As-Salmaniyah Al-Yusufiah Tahfidz Islamic Boarding School, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra—the sole female-led pesantren among 270 institutions in the region. Despite persistent patriarchal cultural norms, women's leadership demonstrates substantial effectiveness in Islamic educational contexts through transformational approaches integrating participatory decision-making (musyawarah), exemplary behavior (uswah hasanah), and spiritual development (tazkiyatun nafs). This qualitative case study employed in-depth interviews with pesantren leadership, teachers, students, and community members, direct observations of dakwah program implementation, and document analysis of institutional records from March to June 2025. Findings reveal measurable impacts: student enrollment increased from 220 (2018) to 318 (2024), representing 44.5% growth; complete Qur'an memorization achievement rose from 8 students (3.6%) to 35 students (11%); Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an competition winners increased from 5 to 25 students; and 40% of alumni gained acceptance to State Islamic Universities. External collaboration generated IDR 500 million in waqf funding (300% increase) and expanded dakwah programs to 10 surrounding villages. While facing challenges including patriarchal resistance, limited resources, and dual domestic-professional roles, female leadership successfully employs adaptive strategies emphasizing Islamic role models, external partnerships, spiritual guidance, and economic empowerment. This research contributes theoretically by validating transformational leadership theory within Islamic boarding school contexts and practically by providing replicable best practice models for gender-inclusive pesantren management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rini Shofiah Pohan, Elismayanti Rambe, Rahmi Wahyuni
Between Fear and Faith (Examining the 'Marriage Is Scary' Phenomenon through Maqāshid al-Sharī'ah and Institutional Response in Medan, Indonesia)
This study examines the Marriage is Scary phenomenon among young generations in Medan City, characterized by increasing fear of marriage driven by economic concerns, family trauma, and social media influence, and analyzes it from the perspective of Islamic Family Law. Using a qualitative field research approach through interviews, observations, and documentation involving young adults and officials at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) Medan, the study reveals that this trend reflects low legal awareness and a weakened understanding of Islamic values related to marriage, thereby contradicting the maqāshid al-sharī‘ah, particularly ḥifẓ al-nasl and ḥifẓ al-‘ird. Although KUA Medan has responded through premarital counseling and digital education initiatives, their effectiveness remains limited due to low youth participation and a lack of innovative material. The study concludes that strengthening legal awareness, applying progressive legal approaches, and internalizing maqāshid-oriented education are essential to shaping positive perceptions of marriage among young Muslims.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faishal, Ibnu R Siddik Turnip, Iwan
Narcotics Brokers and Logistics Routes in Indonesia: Legal System Weaknesses from Ḥifẓ al-'Aql Perspective
This study examines the roles of brokers and logistics routes in Indonesia's narcotics supply chain, which has evolved into a transnational network connecting Golden Triangle production centers (particularly Myanmar's Shan State) with domestic markets through intermediate distribution nodes. The research employs a normative juridical method supported by a socio-legal approach and qualitative analysis, utilizing data from UNODC, BNN (National Narcotics Agency), Customs, and previous research reports to analyze the intersection of global economic dynamics, legal system weaknesses, and narcotics trafficking operations. Findings reveal that brokers serve three critical functions: connecting international manufacturers with domestic markets, controlling pricing mechanisms, and designing logistics routes through major ports (Tanjung Priok, Batam) and minor harbors across maritime and air channels. Indonesia's consumer market comprises approximately 3.3 million narcotics users (1.73% of the population aged 15-64 years), with high prevalence rates in North Sumatra (6.5%), South Sumatra (5%), and DKI Jakarta (3.3%). However, law enforcement remains concentrated at the downstream level, with over 70% of prosecuted cases targeting users and couriers rather than intermediate brokers. Legal system weaknesses—particularly in Money Laundering (TPPU) instruments, customs supervision, and international cooperation—enable brokers to exploit regulatory gaps and maintain network resilience despite increased arrests. From the Maqasid Syariah perspective, specifically the principle of Hifz al-'Aql (protection of reason), this study proposes non-penal policy reconstruction emphasizing preventive, educational, and rehabilitative approaches that extend beyond criminal sanctions to protect community morals, reason, and welfare through structural reforms in financial regulation, logistics supervision, and international legal diplomacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hasan Nasution, Mhd Syahnan, Mustafa Kamal Rokan
A Maqāṣidī Exegesis of Tabdhīr and Isrāf: A Qur'anic Critique of Consumerism in the Culture Runner Phenomenon
Running has transformed from a simple exercise into an urban lifestyle phenomenon that combines fitness, social identity, and consumerism. This transformation raises critical questions about the ethical boundaries of consumption in contemporary Muslim communities, particularly regarding the Qur'anic concepts of tabdhīr (wastefulness) and isrāf (excess). This study examines the runner culture through the lens of Abdul Mustaqim's tafsīr maqāṣidī, a Qur'anic exegetical approach that emphasizes the higher objectives (maqāṣid) of Islamic law, including the preservation of wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl), well-being (ḥifẓ al-nafs), and social justice ('adl). Using qualitative library research with content analysis, this study investigates Qur'anic verses related to tabdhīr and isrāf (Q.S. al-Isrā' [17]:26-27, al-A'rāf [7]:31, al-An'ām [6]:141) and their application to contemporary consumer behavior. The findings reveal that runner culture often manifests characteristics of isrāf through quantitative excess and tabdhīr through purposeless spending driven by social media visibility and brand competition. The study proposes the operationalization of four maqāṣidī values: wasaṭiyyah (balance), maṣlaḥah (social benefit), 'adl (justice), and tawāḍu' (humility) as ethical frameworks for transforming runner culture from consumerist trends into spiritually meaningful practices. This research contributes to contemporary Islamic ethics by demonstrating the relevance of maqāṣidī exegesis in addressing modern lifestyle challenges and offers practical guidance for Muslim communities seeking to balance physical well-being with ethical consumption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Majdi Thoriq Abuwidad, Zamzam Qodri, Fejrian Yazdajird Iwanebel
AI in Fatwā Issuance: A SWOT Analysis of Opportunities and Limitations
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new possibilities in various aspects of Islamic religious practice, including fatwā issuance processes. While AI demonstrates significant potential in enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of Islamic legal opinions, fundamental questions remain regarding its appropriate role and limitations within traditional ijtihād frameworks. This study examines the potential and boundaries of AI as a supporting instrument in fatwā processes through a comprehensive SWOT analysis and case study evaluation. Employing qualitative literature review methodology combined with content analysis of AI implementations at Dar al-Ifta Miṣr and automated fatwā generation systems, this research identifies AI's capabilities and constraints in Islamic jurisprudential contexts. Findings reveal that AI can enhance efficiency by up to 70% in administrative stages, particularly in evidence searching, madhhab opinion mapping, and comparative analysis of contemporary fatwās. AI's strengths include big data processing capacity, 24/7 accessibility, and cross-madhhab analytical capabilities. However, critical limitations exist in understanding psychological dimensions of mustaftīs, comprehending maqāṣid al-sharīʿah holistically, and performing creative ijtihād for novel cases. The SWOT analysis further identifies external threats, including potential replacement of muftī authority, commercialization risks, and fiqh homogenization. This study concludes that AI should be positioned as a non-binding decision-support system within a human-in-the-loop model, where final substantive fatwā authority remains exclusively with qualified human muftīs. Nine operational recommendations are provided for fatwā institutions, AI developers, educational institutions, and government regulators to ensure responsible and proportional AI implementation aligned with Islamic epistemological and ethical values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edy Saputra, Ahmad Afandi
Freedom of Religion in Islam and Human Rights
This study aims to examine the development of religious freedom in Indonesia and the relationship between human rights (HR) principles in Islam and international HR standards. According to SETARA Institute data from 2023, there has been a significant increase in violations of religious freedom, with 217 incidents and 329 violation acts, mostly perpetrated by non-state actors. Although this right is protected by the constitution and Law Number 39 of 1999, serious challenges remain. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach to explore expert perspectives on religious freedom in Islam, integrating legal document analysis, academic literature, and a comparative approach between Islamic law and international HR standards. Findings indicate that HR principles in Islam have a strong foundation through the maqasid al-shariah principles, which encompass the protection of life, religion, intellect, lineage, and property, aligning with universal HR despite distinct theological bases. In Indonesia, as a country that recognizes religious pluralism and is founded upon Pancasila, religious freedom is guaranteed through the 1945 Constitution. The study concludes that harmonizing Islamic and international HR principles in religious freedom necessitates an integrative, dialogical, and contextual approach, especially through collaboration between Muslim scholars and international HR experts. Despite ongoing challenges such as radicalism and the politicization of religion, legal reform and moderate approaches in some Muslim countries demonstrate that a synthesis between Islamic values and modern HR can be achieved with balance and inclusivity
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahyudin Ritonga, Ramza Fatria Maulana, Zulkifli, Shofwan Karim
Tafʿīl Maqāṣid al‑Sharīʿah al‑Islāmiyyah ka‑ʾIṭār Marjaʿī li‑Bināʾ Ḥuqūq al‑Insān fī al‑ʿAṣr al‑Ḥadīth
تتداعى الأمم والدول في العصر الحديث إلى الاعتراف بحقوق الإنسان واحترامها وحمايتها وصيانتها. وصدرت المواثيق الدولية العديدة في التأكيد على أهمية حقوق الإنسان وضرورة توفيرها في حياة المجتمعات، ودعوة دول العالم لموافقتها والالتزام بها. وفي هذا السياق، يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة مركزية مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية بوصفها مرجعية أصيلة لبناء مفهوم حقوق الإنسان في المجتمعات المسلمة، بعيدا عن التأثر الحصري بالنماذج الغربية. ولا يقتصر البحث على التحليل النظري فقط، بل يتجاوز ذلك إلى بحث إمكانات وآليات تفعيل مقاصد الشريعة كأساس مرجعي لحقوق الإنسان في المجتمعات الإسلامية. ويتبع الباحث المنهج الاستنباطي التحليلي ضمن دراسة مكتبية، حيث يتم الرجوع إلى المصادر الشرعية والمراجع العلمية المعتمدة، لاستنباط المبادئ الكلية التي يمكن أن تبنى عليها حقوق الإنسان من منظور إسلامي. وقد خلص البحث إلى أن لمقاصد الشريعة دورا محوريا في تأسيس الحقوق الإنسانية، وأن تفعيل هذه المركزية يتم من خلال مسارين: الأول، إلحاق مفاهيم حقوق الإنسان القائمة ضمن مقاصد الشريعة؛ والثاني، توليد مفاهيم حقوقية جديدة تنبع من المنظومة المقاصدية نفسها، بما يحقق تكاملا بين البعد القيمي والتشريعي في تصور الحقوق
Planning and Strategies for Learning Sentence Structure Arabic Language
This research aims to determine the strategy for learning sentence structure Arabic language (tarkib) in Madrasah. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with the type of library research, or a series of studies related to library data collection methods, or research whose research objects are explored through various library information in the form of books, encyclopedias, scientific journals, newspapers, magazines, and documents. In the discussion, several things are presented: the definition and purpose of sentence structure learning, methods, techniques, and how the sentence structure learning media itself. Several methods can be used to learn tarkib: the Qowa'id wa Tarjamah Method (grammar and translation), the question and answer method, and the drill method. The techniques of teaching tarkib are repetition, question and answer, making questions, changing tarkib, perfecting sentences, composing sentences, and matching exercises. The media that can be used are structure cubes, skid boards, and concept maps.
Understanding Plurality of Hadith in Jonathan A.C. Brown thought
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif Jonathan AC Brown tentang pluralisme dalam pemahaman hadis dan tantangan yang muncul dalam konteks globalisasi. Fokus utamanya adalah pada bagaimana penafsiran hadis dapat mengakomodasi berbagai sudut pandang tanpa mengorbankan integritas teks. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis tekstual. Data dikumpulkan dari karya-karya utama Jonathan AC Brown, khususnya tentang pluralitas penafsiran hadis dan dampaknya terhadap studi Islam kontemporer. Metode analisis membandingkan pandangan Brown dengan pendekatan tradisional dan modern terhadap studi hadis. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, menurut Jonathan AC Brown, pluralisme dalam pemahaman hadis merupakan aspek yang tidak dapat dihindari di era globalisasi, di mana penafsiran yang lebih fleksibel dan inklusif diperlukan untuk mengatasi tantangan sosial dan budaya. Brown menganjurkan pendekatan yang lebih terbuka terhadap perbedaan pendapat dalam pemahaman hadis. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa globalisasi menghadirkan tantangan yang signifikan bagi pemahaman hadis, tetapi juga membuka peluang bagi dialog yang lebih inklusif dan komprehensif. Pendekatan hadis yang lebih fleksibel dan kontekstual sangat penting untuk menjaga relevansi ajaran Islam di tengah keragaman budaya.
Jonathan A.C. Brown, pluralism, hadith understanding, globalization, interpretation, inclusivity
Copyright (c) 2025 umi nadhiroh, Akib Muslim , Herlya Miftahul Jannah
Ideological Intrusion in Ahmadiyya Qur’anic Exegesis
Ahmadiyya Qur’anic exegesis presents a distinctive hermeneutical framework that diverges significantly from mainstream Islamic interpretations, particularly in relation to ideological intrusions (al-dakhi>l) embedded in its exegetical narratives. This study critically investigates the patterns of ideological intrusion in the exegesis of both the Qadiani and Lahori branches, using a qualitative textual analysis. Primary sources include Haqiqat al-Wahy and Tadhkirah by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, along with exegetical works by Maulawi Sher Ali, Malik Ghulam Farid, and Muhammad Ali. Anchored in the classical theory of al-dakhi>l fi> al-tafsi>r and informed by critical hermeneutics, the analysis identifies three dominant patterns of ideological intrusion: allegorical reinterpretations of miracles, historical reconstruction of the figure of Prophet Isa a.s., and the redefinition of khatam al-nabiyyi>n. While the Qadiani faction tends to affirm Ghulam Ahmad’s prophethood explicitly, the Lahori branch emphasizes rationalism and the role of mujaddidism. The study concludes that Ahmadiyya exegetical methodology, marked by a synthesis of modern rationalism, spiritual subjectivity, and historical reinterpretation, reveals a persistent tension between interpretive innovation and commitment to traditional principles such as sanad and ijma>‘. These findings offer a significant contribution to contemporary Islamic hermeneutics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Khodijah, Musyarrofah
Establishing the concept of a mufassir is an important issue that greatly influences the understanding of the character of those who perform tafsir as well as the criteria and distinctive features of their work. This discussion is also related to determining the levels of mufassir and the criteria that distinguish who belongs to this category and who does not. Unfortunately, this concept has not received adequate attention in heritage studies, and contemporary efforts to explore this issue are still limited and often face various challenges. This article aims to present a critical analysis in formulating the concept of mufassir, so that the forms of tafsir work that qualify someone to be recognized as a mufassir can be identified. Furthermore, this article will discuss the categorization of mufassir and provide a general explanation of their levels based on the methods they employ. This research is based on library study with a critical analytical approach. Among the results of this research, there are two main points:(1) The work of tafsir has various forms and does not exist at the same level, which generally includes various categories such as author of tafsir works, explainer of the difference between correct and weak understandings, compiler of tafsir materials, summarizer of tafsir works, explainer of tafsir works, teacher of tafsir, and transmitter of tafsir; (2) The use of the term mufassir allows for a lot of tolerance, where generally mufassir can be categorized into two groups, namely practical mufassir and participatory mufassir
Copyright (c) 2025 zamakhsyari, Mukhamad Hadi Musolin, Vina Annisa